Acknowledgements
Introduction
Chapter 1
"In a State of Tutelage": The Indian Act of 1876
1.1 House of Commons Debates on the Proposed Indian Act, 1876
1.2 The Indian Act of 1876
1.3 Letter from George Buck and 32 Other Six Nations Chiefs, 1876
Chapter 2
"No More Fighting Between Anyone": The Numbered Treaties
2.1 Area of Treaty 7 and the Traditional Territory of the Blackfoot Confederacy
2.2 Boundaries of the Numbered Treaties
2.3 Treaty 7, 1877
2.4 Report of Lieutenant Governor and Special Indian Commissioner David Laird, 1877
2.5 Letter from Father Constantine Scollen, 1879
2.6 Interview with Cecile Many Guns (Grassy Water), 1973
2.7 Interview with Mrs. Annie Buffalo (Sitting Up High), 1975
Chapter 3
"Then Go, and Strike for Liberty and Life":
The 1885 Resistance in the North-West
3.1 Riel's Case, 1885
3.2 Report of Superintendent of Indian Affairs John A. Macdonald, 1885
3.3 Report of North-West Mounted Police Assistant Commissioner L.N.F. Crozier, 1885
3.4 The Account of Gabriel Dumont, 1888 (1949)
3.5 The Recommendations of Assistant Indian Commissioner Hayter Reed, 1885
3.6 Address Presented to Chief Crowfoot from the Council of the Corporation of the City of Ottawa, 1886
3.7 The Poetic Interpretation of Pauline Johnson, 1885
Chapter 4
"For the General Good": Restricting Movement and Cultural Practice
Section 4a: The Pass System
4a.1 Letter from Robert Sinclair to Edgar Dewdney, 1892
4a.2 Letter from Hayter Reed to Edgar Dewdney, 1885
4a.3 Letter from A.E. Forget to Blackfoot Indian Agent, 1889
4a.4 Extract from NWMP Superintendent Steele's Monthly Report, June 1890
4a.5 "The Mounted Police and the Sarcees," Calgary Herald, June 8, 1892
4a.6 Letter from Fred White to L. Vankoughnet, 1893
4a.7 Letter from Hayter Reed to the Deputy Superintendent
General of Indian Affairs, 1893
4a.8 Chief Dan Kennedy, Recollections of an Assiniboine Chief, 1972
Section 4b: Restricting the Potlatch
4b.1 Legislation Restricting Indigenous Ceremonies, 1884–1933
4b.1a Indian Act Amendment, 1884
4b.1b Indian Act Amendment, 1895
4b.1c Indian Act Amendment, 1914
4b.1d Indian Act Amendment, 1933
4b.2 Thomas Crosby, Among the An-Ko-me-nums, 1907
4b.3 W.M. Halliday, Potlatch and Totem, 1935
4b.4 "A Plea for Potlatches," 1896
4b.5 Assu of Cape Mudge, 1989
Chapter 5
"Our object is to continue until there is not a single
Indian in Canada that has not been absorbed into the body politic": Assimilation and Organized Resistance
Section 5a: Assimilation
5a.1 Duncan Campbell Scott, "Onondaga Madonna," 1898
5a.2 Duncan Campbell Scott, "The Half-Breed Girl," 1906
5a.3 Evidence of D.C. Scott on the Indian Act Amendments of 1920
5a.4 Memorandum of the Six Nations of Brantford and Other
Haudenosaunee First Nations on the Indian Act
Amendments of 1920
5a.5 Amendment to the Indian Act, 1920
Section 5b: Organized Resistance
5b.1 Letter from F.O. Loft to Chiefs and Brethren, 1919
5b.2 Letter from J.P. Wright to D.C. Scott, 1919
5b.3 Letter from D.C. Scott to J.P. Wright, 1919
5b.4 Statement of the Allied Indian Tribes of British Columbia, 1919
5b.5 Deskaheh, The Redman's Appeal for Justice, 1923
5b.6 Special Joint Committee of the Senate and House of Commons
Appointed to Inquire into the Claims of the Allied Indian Tribes of British Columbia, 1926
5b.7 Amendment to the Indian Act, 1927
Chapter 6
"Please don't blame yourselves": Residential Schools
6.1 N.F. Davin, Report on Industrial Schools, 1879
6.2 House of Commons Debates, 1920
6.3 P.H. Bryce, The Story of a National Crime, 1920
6.4 Mary Carpenter, "No More Denials Please," 1991
6.5 Isabelle Knockwood, Out of the Depths, 2001
6.6 Thomas Moore, Before and After Photographs, 1896
Chapter 7
"We Do Not Ask for Special Favours from Anyone":
Indigenous People and Global Conflict
Section 7a: World War I
7a.1 Report of the Privy Council 393, 1918
7a.2 Amendments to the Indian Act , 1906 and 1918
7a.2a Indian Act Amendment, 1906
7a.2b Indian Act Amendment, 1918
7a.3 Letter from Kainai Chief Shot-on-Both-Sides and Others, 1922
7a.4 D.C. Scott, "The Canadian Indians in the Great War," 1919
7a.5 Annual Report of the Department of Indian Affairs , 1919
Section 7b: World War II
7b.1 Testimony of Gordon Ahenakew, Saskatchewan
Indian Veterans Association, 1992
7b.2 Testimony of Norman Quinney, Indian Veterans Association, 1992
7b.3 Testimony of Ray Prince, Northern Region of National
Aboriginal Veterans Association, BC Chapter, 1992
7b.4 Testimony of Harry Lavallee, National Aboriginal Veterans Association, 1993
7b.5 The Aboriginal Soldier after the Wars, 1995
Chapter 8
A "Complete and Final Solution":
Preparing for the New Indian Act of 1951
8.1 Evidence of Diamond Jenness, 1947
8.2 Testimony of Andy Paull, President of the North American Indian Brotherhood, 1946
8.3 Submission of the Union of Saskatchewan Indians, 1947
8.4 Presentation of Mathew Lazare for the Mohawk of Caughnawaga, 1947
8.5 House of Commons, "A Summary of the Proceedings of a Conference with Representative Indians," 1951
Chapter 9
"We Had No Hesitation in Using the Word 'Experiment'":
The High Arctic Relocation of 1953
9.1 The High Arctic Relocation, 1953
9.2 Testimony of Markoosie Patsauq and Samwillie Elijassialuk, 1992
9.3 Examination of Bent Sivertz, 1993
9.4 Memorandum from the Privy Council Office, 1952
9.5 The Hickling Report, 1990
9.6 Report of the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples, 1994
Chapter 10
"A Faulty Understanding of Fairness":
The White Paper of 1969
10.1 Statement of the Government of Canada on Indian Policy (White Paper), 1969
10.2 Indian Association of Alberta, Citizens Plus (Red Paper) , 1970
10.3 William Wuttunee, Ruffled Feathers, 1971
10.4 National Indian Brotherhood, "Statement on the Proposed New 'Indian Policy,'" 1969
Chapter 11
"An Epic Struggle Which Has Left its Mark":
Striving for Gender Equality in the Indian Act
11.1 Amendment to the Indian Act, 1951
11.2 Amendment to the Indian Act, 1985
11.3 Cathy Baily, "Indian Women Struggle for Rights," Poundmaker, 1974
11.4 Report of the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples, 1985
11.5 McIvor v. The Registrar, Indian and Northern Affairs Canada, 2007
11.6 Letter from Sharon McIvor to Members of Parliament, 2010
Chapter 12
"Its Intentions Remain Hostile":
The 1982 Constitution and Charter of Rights
12.1 Union of BC Indian Chiefs at the Russell Tribunal, 1980
12.2 Petition by the Indian People of Canada to Queen Elizabeth II, 1980
12.3 United Kingdom House of Commons Debates, 1982
12.4 The Canada Act, 1982
Chapter 13
"Securing 'Necessaries'":
The Constitution and the Courts
13.1 Guerin v. The Queen, 1984
13.2 R. v. Sparrow , 1990
13.3 R. v. Marshall, 1999
13.4 R. v. Powley, 2003
Chapter 14
"It Was Time to Protect our Lands":
Conflict at Ipperwash
14.1 Report of the Ipperwash Inquiry, 2007
14.2 Testimony of Nicholas Cottrelle, 2005
14.3 Presentation of Sam George, 2006
Chapter 15
"A Unique Trust-Like Relationship": Modern Treaty Making
15.1 Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples, "Treaties," 1996
15.2 Speech by Chief Joseph Gosnell to the British Columbia Legislative Assembly, 1998
15.3 Are Treaties the Answer?: Panel Discussion at the Preparing for the Day After Treaty Conference, 2007
Appendix: Key People
Sources
Index
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