Acknowledgments
Chapter 1: Digital Media, Cultural Shifts and Television News Production
- The Public’s Arrival
- Focus of this Book
- A Note on Causation: Technologies and Society
- User-Generated Content and Citizen Journalism
- Social Networking Services
- Television News Organizations: The Hierarchical Structure
- Canada versus the UK
- General Path and Control Structure of a Television News Item
- Bulletins, 24-hour News and Convergence
- Structure of this Book
Chapter 2: Constraining News Production: The View from the 20th Century
- Evaluating the Literature
- The Two Phases of Research: An Obsession with Constraints
- Exposing the Social Construction of News
- Planning Routines: Relevance of the News Diary
- The Importance of Logistics
- Society’s Information Producers
- The Reign of News Agencies
- Pre-Packaged PR News
- The Requirements of Objectivity and Impartiality
- The Relationship between Objectivity and Sources
- Official Sources and Production Routines
- Internal and External Pressures
- Policy, Routinized Meetings and Editorial Control
- Incorporating External Pressure into Daily Practice
- Ensuring Conformity within News Organizations
- Complexities of the Broadcaster-State Relationship
- Instances of Direct Government Intervention
- Shared News Values
- Images
- Importance, Interest and Entertainment
- Size, Proximity and Race
- Immediacy
- Considering the Audience
- Summary
Chapter 3: The Technology - Autonomy-Constraint Model
- Description of the Model
- Phases of News Production
- Autonomy-Constraint Ratio
- Analysis Using the TAC Model and Ratio
- Low Autonomy-Constraint Ratio: Transmission Phase – Television
- Balanced Autonomy-Constraint Ratio: Transmission Phase – Digital Media
- Balanced Autonomy-Constraint Ratio: Intake/Selection and Assignment Phase
- Balanced Autonomy-Constraint Ratio: Storywriting Phase
- High Autonomy-Constraint Ratio: Newsgathering Phase
- Summary
Chapter 4: Intake Phase – Information Producers and News Flow
- Established Actors
- News Agencies
- Other News Organizations
- Official Sources and the Public Relations Industry
- News Bureaus
- Unconventional Actors
- News Flow Patterns
- Development of Public News Production
- Social Media
- Breaking News
- Organizational Changes
- Credibility and the ‘Bloggers versus Journalists’ Debate
- Summary
Chapter 5: Selection and Assignment Phase
- Executive Producers and the Assignment Relationship
- General Assignment Reporters
- Beat Reporters: The Parliamentary Correspondent
- Foreign Correspondents
- Investigative Journalism
- Digital News Agency Feeds and Social Networking
- Inside the Editorial Conference
- Institution-Driven News
- Creating Themes and Adding the Personal Element
- Subjectivity
- Line-up
- Retaining Flexibility
- News Values
- Images: UGC, Social Media and Digital Graphics
- Interest and Importance
- Proximity
- Immediacy and Being First
- Complicating Factors: Online News, Social Media and Conglomeration
- Speed versus Accuracy
- Immediacy and Being Live
- Summary
Chapter 6: Newsgathering, Storywriting and Transmission Phases
- Issues of Control
- Implicit versus Explicit Control
- Editorial Control
- Presenters
- Packages
- Lives
- J-Blogging
- Social Networking Services
- Language
- Top-Down Control
- Selecting Sources, Challenging Officials and Maintaining Balance
- Digital Media and Newsgathering
- Research
- Locating Sources
- Resistance versus the New Cohort
- Newsroom Technologies and Storywriting
- Non-Linear Editing
- Server Technology
- Speed and Cost
- Improved Workflow
- Archival Material
- Transmission and Immediacy
- Transmitting from the Field
- Critiques of Live Coverage
- Social Networking Services
- Summary
Chapter 7: External Pressures – Audiences, Governments and PR
- Audiences
- Judging Audience Needs
- Linking Immediacy to Audience Expectations
- Interactivity
- Complaints
- Campaigns, Evidence and Blogs
- Exposuregates and Retaining Credibility
- Government and PR Pressures
- Public Relations: The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict
- Resisting Pressure
- Lack of Context and History
- Time Constraints and the Nature of Television
- Audience Attention Spans
- Top-Down Pressure
- Solutions: Go Online?
- Summary
Chapter 8: Making News: Power, Journalists and the Public
Appendix: List of Interviews
References
