1. Introducing the Legal Singularity
I. Introduction
II. Orienting Ourselves on the Path of the Law
III. What Do We Mean by “Singularity”?
a. The Technological Singularity
b. The Economic Singularity
c. The Legal Singularity
IV. The Path of the Law: Toward Legal Singularity
2. The Development of Legal Information
I. The Centrality of Information to Law
a. Law before Text
b. Prediction and Law’s Information Environment
II. Legal Information’s Three Stages
a. The Analog Era
b. The Digital Era
i. Early Computerized Legal Research
ii. The Legal Profession’s Digital Aspirations
III. The New Information Environment
b. Access to Data and Access to Justice
c. An Open Source Movement?
3. Computational Law
I. Introduction
II. Understanding Artificial Intelligence
a. Defining Artificial Intelligence
III. Applying AI to the Law: Computational Law
a. Should Law Be Computed?
b. Computational Values?
IV. A Computational Case Study: The Economic Substance Doctrine
a. Doctrinal and Legislative Context
b. Our Data
c. Predicting Recent Economic Substance Cases
V. The Payoff: Complete Law
4. Defending the Legal Singularity from Its Critics
I. Introduction
II. Is Computational Law Reductionist?
a. Pasquale, Hildebrandt, and Law’s Unquantifiable Essence
b. Ideology, Social Context, and the Legal Singularity
c. The Limits of Techno-Critique
III. Does the Legal Singularity Threaten the Rule of Law?
a. Robert F. Weber and the Law’s “Normative Core”
5. Implications for the Judiciary
I. Introduction
II. The Pitfalls of the Modern Judiciary
a. Biases and Human Weaknesses
b. Courthouse Overcrowding and Delayed Justice
c. The Implications of Court Design
III. The Future of the Courts: Computational Solutions in the Courtroom
a. Human Experts
b. Legal Research
c. Document Drafting
d. Expert Evidence
e. Changes to Fact-Finding Procedures
f. Discovery
g. Predictive Technology
h. Case Management
i. Fair Settlements
IV. The Evolution of Judicial Decision-Making: The Paradox of Judging
a. Beyond Physical Courtrooms and Human Judges
i. Neural Laces
ii. Online Courts and Dispute Resolution
iii. Online Alternative Dispute Resolution
V. Possible Adoption Roadblocks
VI. Looking Ahead: The Evolution of the Judiciary
6. Towards Universal Legal Literacy
I. Introduction
II. The Legal Profession’s Problem State
a. Problem I: The Market for Legal Services
i. The Unaffordability Problem
ii. Consequences of Unaffordability
iii. Responses to the Unaffordability Problem by the Legal Profession
b. Problem II: Complexity
III. The Solution: Universal Legal Literacy
a. Imagining Universal Legal Literacy
b. Universal Legal Literacy in the Legal Singularity
7. Implications for Governments and Authorities
I. Introduction
II. Governments and Technology
a. Government Inefficiency and Technological Solutions
III. Artificially Intelligent Governments
IV. Current Government Applications of AI
a. Government Investment and Interest in AI
V. Applications of AI in Service Provision and Regulation
a. Tax Regulation
b. Government Benefits Distribution
c. Immigration
VI. Applications of AI in Legislation
a. Drafting Legislation
b. Normative Contributions and Second Order Modeling
8. Towards Ethical and Equitable Legal AI
I. Introduction
II. The Problems
a. Problem I: ADM Reproduces Bad Social Problems
b. A Solution? Algorithmic Affirmative Action
III. Better Algorithmic Design
9. Conclusion
Index
