List of Figures, Maps, and Tables
Preface
Acknowledgements
1. Canada in Context
Canada’s Land and Waters
Canada’s Environmental History
Environmental Issues in Canada
Factors Affecting Environmental Quality
Conclusions
2. Canadian Politics and Institutions
Canada’s Political Institutions
Federalism
Multiple Levels of Governance
Conclusions
3. Making Policy in Canada
Policy Actors
The Policy Process
Policy Instruments and Tools
Policy-Making in the Provinces
Policy-Making in the Territories
Conclusions
4. Environment in Theory, Practice, and Policy
Environmentalism as Ideology
Environmentalism as Social Movement
Four Waves of Environmentalism in Canada
Environmental Politics as Public Policy
Conclusion
5. Risk and Chemical Governance
Chemical Pollution
Federal Chemical Policy
The Provinces and Chemicals
Cities and Chemical Pollution
NGOs and Chemical Pollution
The Business Community and Chemical Pollution
Citizens and Chemical Pollution
Indigenous Peoples and Chemical Pollution
Conclusions
6. Water and Air Pollution Governance
What Is Water Pollution?
What Is Air Pollution?
The Federal Government and Water and Air Pollution
The Provinces and Water and Air Pollution
Cities and Water and Air Pollution
NGOs and Water and Air Pollution
The Business Community and Water and Air Pollution
Citizens and Water and Air Pollution
Indigenous Peoples and Water and Air Pollution
Conclusions
7. Global Governance of Environmental Issues
Global Institutions
Conclusions
8. Biodiversity Governance
Federal Conservation of Biodiversity
Provinces and Biodiversity
Cities and Biodiversity
NGOs and Biodiversity
The Business Community and Biodiversity
Citizens and Biodiversity
Indigenous Peoples and Biodiversity
Conclusions
9. Climate Governance
Defining Climate Change
Canada’s International Climate Commitments
Federal Climate Policy
Provincial Climate Policy
Cities and Climate Change Policy
NGOs and Climate Change Policy
The Business Community and Climate Change Policy
Citizens and Climate Change Policy
Indigenous Peoples and Climate Change Policy
Conclusions
10. Oceans Governance
Federal Government and Oceans
Provinces and Oceans
Cities and Oceans
NGOs and Oceans
The Business Community and Oceans
Citizens and Oceans
Indigenous Peoples and Oceans
Conclusions
11. Northern Environmental Governance
What Is the Arctic?
Territories and Governance in the North
International Laws in the Arctic
The Arctic Council
NGOs in the North
Conclusions
12. Conclusion: Looking Forward
Net-Zero, Energy Transitions, and Political Backlash
Emerging Alternatives: Justice, Degrowth, and Rights of Nature
Conclusions
Glossary
References
Index